Extron Vector 4K Scaling Technology

Patented Scaling Technology for the Most Demanding 4K Applications

Connected Magazine Most Popular 2019

Extron Vector 4K Scaling Technology

For over 20 years, Extron has been engineering scaling and signal processing solutions that deliver uncompromised image quality and performance. As a result, we have become an industry leader in scaling technology, designing best-in-class products renowned for their quality, reliability, and ease of use. We have continually refined our technology to keep pace with evolving video formats – from standard definition to high definition signals, and now, 4K.

Built on our patented signal processing platforms, Vector 4K is the latest generation of Extron scaling engines, specifically engineered for critical-quality 4K signal processing. The Vector 4K scaling engine delivers the power and precision required to manage the high pixel counts of today’s 4K displays and content. Whether providing clean, upscaled images when integrating legacy sources with 4K displays, or faithfully rendering a source’s detail and integrity when downscaling 4K content to HD displays, Vector 4K provides unparalleled processing and clarity for your 4K applications.

In addition to advanced video processing, Vector 4K delivers consistent, reliable performance that takes the guesswork out of signal capture and source management. Featuring the industry’s most accurate source capture technology, and the ability to manually adjust image parameters with fine precision, even the most unique signal formats are displayed with speed and dependability.

Scalers and video processors with Vector 4K scaling offer a variety of convenient, user-friendly features. Aspect ratio control, dynamic vector-based test patterns, and EDID and HDCP management are just a few of the many standard product features that streamline integration and optimize system performance.

Extron’s Vector 4K Scaler
4K TV resolution

Engineered by Extron from the Ground Up

Vector 4K was developed internally by Extron’s expert team of signal processing engineers. Extron engineers have crafted patented image processing technologies that set the industry benchmark for visual performance. Features such as bicubic scaling, 30-bit color depth, and 4:4:4 chroma sampling ensure very high image quality while preserving detail present in the original source material.

By developing our own scaling technology, we can design to our own exacting specifications and have absolute control over the end product. We can continually refine the signal processing algorithms, enhance signal compatibility and add features at will. This also allows us to quickly respond to market or technology-related advancements as they emerge and opens the way to accommodate application-specific requests from AV integrators.

Extron’s scaling engines and sophisticated video processing algorithms have been recognized worldwide with 24 patents.

Extron In-house Video Testing Facility

Extron Video Testing Facility

Extron Video Testing Facility

Scaling Features

Extron Patents

Unparalleled Scaling Quality

Extron Patents

Unparalleled Scaling Quality

The Vector 4K scaling engine incorporates Extron-engineered, multi-tap, bicubic interpolation, which creates a new pixel by averaging adjacent pixels above, below, to the sides, and diagonally of the new pixel. This produces sharp, accurate output, preserving single-pixel detail that other scaling methods lack.

Vector 4K algorithms continually and dynamically adapt, ensuring optimal processing for upscaling, downscaling, or 1:1 pass-through applications. Two less robust alternatives to bicubic interpolation are “nearest neighbor interpolation,” whereby a pixel is duplicated to an adjacent pixel, and “bilinear interpolation,” which creates a new pixel by averaging adjacent pixels above, below, and to the sides of the pixel being created. Both of these methods can produce substandard output, resulting in data loss that may render the content unusable.

Nearest Neighbor
Nearest Neighbor
Bilinear Interpolation
Bilinear Interpolation
Bicubic Interpolation
Bicubic Interpolation

4:4:4 Chroma Sampling

Vector 4K processing is always performed in the RGB domain with full 4:4:4 color sampling, which is critical for processing fine image details such as single pixel, colored lines and text in computer content.

Competing scalers commonly process in the YCbCr, or component domain, employing 4:2:2 or 4:2:0 chroma subsampling. This decreases the bandwidth required to process the signal, at the expense of reduced color detail. Chroma subsampling may be acceptable when processing full-motion video content, but with PC-generated content, subsampled color can negatively impact the clarity of the image. Vector 4K 4:4:4 color processing retains the fine color details present in the original source.

View Test Pattern
4:4:4 Chroma Sampling 4:2:2 chroma subsampling
4:2:2 chroma subsampling 4:4:4 chroma sampling

Internal processing at full 4:4:4 color sampling preserves color detail for image-critical applications

30-Bit Color Depth

Vector 4K video processing is performed at 30 bits per pixel to maximize grayscale and color accuracy. This maintains color fidelity and detail present in native 30-bit source content, and is a minimum requirement for supporting the BT.2020 color standard for 4K.

Competitive products may accept and output content at 30-bits, but the internal processing is often limited to 24-bits per pixel or less, truncating 20% or more of the color information. Extron 30-bit processing minimizes visible color gradients by preserving all of the 30-bit source content, while delivering better color accuracy for 24-bit sources, because the additional bit depth avoids mathematical rounding errors inherent in competing 24 or 16-bit scalers and signal processors.

24-bit – 256 levels of gray

24-bit – 256 levels of gray

30-bit – 1024 levels of gray

30-bit – 1024 levels of gray
Extron Patents

Motion-Adaptive Deinterlacing

Extron Patents

Motion-Adaptive Deinterlacing

For the highest quality conversion from interlaced to progressive video, Extron Vector 4K scaling features patented motion-adaptive deinterlacing which integrates two different processing techniques per video frame.

Blended odd and even fields are best for static content, while line doubling is optimal for areas of motion between fields. To best apply these two modes, Vector 4K utilizes motion estimation at the single-pixel level for the greatest accuracy in detecting dynamic content. Though complex and computationally intensive, this method allows interlaced motion to be averaged to avoid artifacts, while static areas are blended to perfectly preserve the original detail. Alternative deinterlacing approaches may apply only one method of deinterlacing, and simple motion-adaptive techniques only evaluate motion in regions rather than individual pixels.

Vector 4K evaluates video at the single-pixel level for the greatest accuracy when detecting motion. The white pixels in the left image indicate pixels in motion. The right image is the original content.

Frame Rate Conversion

Vector 4K processing includes high performance frame rate conversion that always delivers images free of visual motion artifacts.

In addition to eliminating on-screen video tear, frame rate conversion avoids the need for a display to readjust to changes in source frame rates, which eliminates re-syncing and minimizes latency when switching between sources. Converting from one frame rate to another is common in professional AV applications, such as converting 1080p/60 Hz content to 30 Hz for videoconferencing or streaming, or a 1080i/59.94 Hz broadcast signal to a PC rate of 1080p/60 Hz. Many scalers and signal processors on the market do not offer the capability to convert frame rates, which results in glitches, muted output, and video tear when switching between source signals.

Frame Rate Conversion

Frame Rate Conversion

Extron Patents

Automatic Film Cadence Detection

Extron Patents

Automatic Film Cadence Detection

Vector 4K features 3:2, 2:2, and 24:1 cadence detection which examines interlaced signals and instantaneously identifies, within a fraction of a second, content that originated from 24 Hz source material. Repeated fields, generated during the 3:2, 2:2, or 24:1 pulldown process, are discarded to recreate the original, progressive 24 frame-per-second content, removing any degradation due to the interlaced transmission.

Frame rate conversion is then applied to the reconstructed 24 Hz content to match the scaler’s selected output frame rate. Extron’s patented processing noticeably improves sharpness and detail while retaining original film grain, which more closely recreates the appearance of film content.

Automatic Film Cadence Detection

Without Film Cadence Detection

With Film Cadence Detection

Seamless Switching

Seamless switching is available on many Vector 4K switchers and videowall processors. Fade through black is available with selectable durations, as well as a hard cut option, delivering fast, glitch-free, and professional-looking presentations.

Seamless Switching Seamless Switching
Seamless Switching

Image storage and keying

JPEG, PNG, and BMP image files can be uploaded for use as logos or supplementary content on many Vector 4K products. Images can be positioned anywhere on screen. Image transparency is supported, including Alpha channel, level keying, and color keying.

Image storage and keying

Try it yourself: Drag and move the logo on screen to desired position

Integration Features

Dynamic Digital Input Detection and Auto-Image

The Vector 4K scaling engine goes beyond conventional lookup tables, incorporating dynamic input detection which analyzes incoming digital video signals and accurately measures the signal parameters before processing them for precise conversion and scaling.

Coupled with Extron Auto-Image™, Vector 4K can automatically analyze and display both standard and non-standard analog signals, while allowing manual timing adjustments to further optimize performance. Today’s evolving computer video standards allow for a wide range of signal resolutions, which may be customized to suit the needs of a particular application or display. These resolutions may be unique to military or medical sources, or the latest consumer laptops or tablets. Such sources can present a challenge for signal processors that rely solely on fixed lookup tables of common resolutions, which are typically incomplete and quickly become obsolete.

Dynamic Digital Input Detection and Auto-Image

Auto Memory and User Presets

Auto Input Memory is a powerful convenience feature that automatically saves picture adjustments to memory based on the incoming signal resolution.

For analog video, this also includes any signal sampling adjustments made to optimize a non-standard source format. Whenever the signal resolution is detected again by the scaling engine, picture and timing adjustments are then recalled with no user intervention. In addition to Auto Input Memory, Vector 4K provides a separate set of memory presets that can be defined and manually recalled by the user. These presets can be useful when setting up sources connected to a scaler via an external switcher.

Auto Input Memory and User Presets

Auto Memory

User Presets

Dynamic Internal Test Patterns

Extron Vector 4K scalers and signal processors are equipped with a set of dynamic, mathematically generated, vector-based video test patterns. They aid in configuring displays, and provide test signals to facilitate troubleshooting and expedite system recovery.

These patterns are precisely generated based on the scaler’s output resolution, and are automatically redrawn if the resolution is changed. This ensures that test patterns exactly match the signal resolution, producing sharp, crisp images, which in turn facilitate precise setup and configuration of display devices. An audio pink noise generator is also often included, which can be useful in setting up gain structure and room equalization for the sound system.

Color Bars

Color Bars

Alt Pixels

Alt Pixels

Crop

Crop

Grayscale

Grayscale

Aspect Ratio Control

Extron Aspect Ratio Control, featured in all products with Vector 4K technology, automatically detects the aspect ratio of an incoming source signal, and provides two user-selectable modes to optimize the content presentation.

FOLLOW mode preserves the original aspect ratio of the input signal, while FILL mode provides full-screen output so every pixel of the display contains active content. Additionally, custom aspect ratios can be configured with options for manual or automatic recall of settings.

4:3 Content on a 16:9 UHD Display

4:3 Content on a 16:9 UHD Display

16:10 Content on a 16:9 UHD Display

16:10 Content on a 16:9 UHD Display

16:9 UHD Content on a 17:9 4K Display

16:9 Content on a 17:9 4K Display

Extron Patents

AFL™ - Accu-RATE Frame Lock

Extron Patents

AFL™ - Accu-RATE Frame Lock

Extron’s multi-patented Accu-RATE Frame Lock - AFL™ technology in the Vector 4K scaling engine completely eliminates the need to add or drop frames by synchronizing the scaler output frame rate to the input signal frame rate. This ensures high-motion content is displayed cleanly and smoothly, identical to the original source.

AFL eliminates skips or freezes in the video output, which is most noticeable in video with motion elements, particularly when a video camera pans across a scene or an object moves quickly across the camera’s view. AFL is provided in select Extron video processors, since this feature is traditionally only required in very high-end broadcast or signal conversion applications.

AFL- ACCU-Rate Frame Lock
Play Animation

Advanced HDCP and EDID Management

Vector 4K encompasses a range of advanced signal management technologies common across many of Extron’s digital video product solutions, simplifying integration of digital video sources and displays, and ensuring optimal system performance and dependability.

EDID Minder® manages EDID communication between devices so that preferred video formats are always correctly and reliably output from the source to the receiving device. Custom EDID can also be captured or uploaded to Extron products for special applications. Key Minder® negotiates and maintains continuous HDCP authentication between input and output devices to ensure low-latency switching. Clear visual indicators for HDCP encryption status expedite troubleshooting in the field. Extron SpeedSwitch® Technology incorporates EDID Minder and Key Minder, together with additional Extron-optimized logic to deliver exceptional, virtually instantaneous switching speeds - an essential necessity for professional-quality AV presentations.

Advanced HDCP and EDID Management

True4K Specifications

At Extron, we believe in providing you ALL the information you need to select the right product for your system. We have always been the manufacturer you could count on for detailed, clear and honest specifications for our products. Extron is maintaining its leadership position by defining what a complete and detailed product specification for 4K video performance MUST include. We call this the Extron True4K™ Specification.

View True4K Specs on DTP CrossPoint 108 4K
True4K Specifications
Max. 4K Capabilities
Resolution and Refresh Rate Chroma Sampling Max. Bit Depth per Color
4096 x 2160 at 30 Hz 4:4:4 8 bit
3840 x 2160 at 30 Hz
4096 x 2160 at 60 Hz 4:2:0
3840 x 2160 at 60 Hz
Frame rate 24, 25, 30, 50, or 60 fps
Chroma sampling 4:4:4, 4:2:2, or 4:2:0
Color bit depth 8 bits per color
Signal type HDMI 1.4, HDCP 1.4
Max. video data rate 10.2 Gbps (3.4 Gbps per color)
Note: Subject to the maximum data rate limit. Use our calculator to determine video parameters supported by this data rate.

DTP CrossPoint 108 4K, DTP CrossPoint 86 4K, DTP CrossPoint 84 4K, DTP CrossPoint 82 4K Series True4K Specification

Extron Video Signal Processing Patents

Extron Patents

Extron Vector 4K Product Spotlight

Contact Us

For a first-hand look at Vector 4K scaling technology at one of our worldwide facilities, or, for a personalized in-office demonstration, contact your Extron representative.

View Extron Worldwide Office Locations